Bromo Ethyl Applications Properties Production
Bromoethane
Bromoethane is one of the most unique organic compounds. With its unique properties, it shows important functions in many fields.
1. Properties
Bromoethane, which is colorless, transparent and volatile liquid at room temperature. Smell it, it has a special smell. Its density is greater than that of water, and it is difficult to dissolve in water, but it can be miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. In terms of chemical properties, bromine atoms in bromine ethane are highly active and prone to substitution reactions and elimination reactions. For example, in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, bromine atoms are easily replaced by hydroxyl groups to produce ethanol; when heated in sodium hydroxide alcohol solution, a elimination reaction will occur to produce ethylene.
2. Application
1. ** Organic Synthesis **: In the field of organic synthesis, bromoethane is a key raw material. Take the preparation of ethylation products as an example, it can react with a variety of compounds containing active hydrogen. If it reacts with phenol under alkaline conditions, it can form phenethyl ether, which is widely used in the synthesis of fragrances and drugs.
2. ** Pharmaceutical Industry **: In the preparation of medicine, bromoethane participates in the synthesis of many pharmaceutical intermediates. For example, in the synthesis path of some anesthetic drugs, bromoethane is used as a starting material. After a series of reactions, intermediates with specific structures can be prepared, and then the required drugs can be synthesized.
3. ** Agriculture **: In agriculture, bromoethane was used as a soil fumigant. Due to its volatility and toxicity to pests in the soil, it can effectively kill pests, pathogens and weed seeds in the soil, thereby improving the quality of the crop planting environment and reducing the damage of pests and diseases to crops.
III. Production
1. ** Ethanol and hydrogen bromide reaction method **: Ethanol and hydrogen bromide are placed in a specific reaction device and react under the action of appropriate temperature and catalyst. The reaction mechanism is that the ethanol hydroxyl group is replaced by the bromine atom in the hydrogen bromide to generate bromoethane and water. The raw materials of this method are easy to obtain and the operation is relatively simple, but the reaction process requires strict control of the temperature and the ratio of reactants to improve the yield.
2. Ethylene and hydrogen bromide addition method: Ethylene and hydrogen bromide are used as raw materials. When the catalyst is present, the double bond of ethylene is opened, and the addition reaction occurs with hydrogen bromide to produce bromoethane. This method has high atomic utilization, good product purity, and relatively mild reaction conditions, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production. However, the purity of the raw material ethylene is required, and the raw material cost may be relatively high.
