110dibromodecane properties applications synthesis
1,10-Dibromodecane
1,10-dibromodecane, its English name is 1,10-dibromodecane, has a certain status in the field of organic synthesis.
1. Properties
1,10-dibromodecane is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a certain density and boiling point. Its density is higher than that of water, and its boiling point is within a specific range under standard conditions. It is insoluble in water and soluble in a variety of organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, etc. In terms of chemical properties, the bromine atom in the molecule is relatively active and prone to substitution reactions. It can undergo nucleophilic substitution with nucleophiles to generate various derivatives, providing rich possibilities for organic synthesis.
II. APPLICATIONS
1. ** Organic synthesis intermediates **: In the field of drug synthesis, it can be used as a key intermediate to participate in the construction of complex drug molecules. By reacting with nucleophiles containing nitrogen, oxygen, etc., carbon-nitrogen and carbon-oxygen bonds are constructed, thereby forming structural fragments with specific pharmacological activities. For example, in the synthesis route of certain antimicrobial drugs, 1,10-dibromodecane reacts with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds to introduce a long carbon chain structure, enhancing the lipid solubility of the drug and improving its absorption and distribution in vivo.
2. ** Materials Science **: for the preparation of functional polymer materials. Polymers with specific properties can be synthesized through polycondensation reaction with dibasic alcohols, dibasic amines, etc. These polymers can be used in coatings, adhesives and other fields to endow materials with good flexibility, chemical resistance and other properties.
3. ** Surfactant Synthesis **: As a raw material to synthesize a new type of surfactant. Using its long carbon chain structure and reactive bromine atoms, surfactants with unique lipophilic-hydrophilic balance value (HLB value) are synthesized. They are used in daily chemical, petroleum extraction and other industries to improve interfacial properties, such as reducing oil-water interfacial tension and improving crude oil recovery.
III. Synthesis
1. ** Using decanediol as raw material **: Decanediol reacts with hydrobromic acid in the presence of an appropriate catalyst (such as sulfuric acid). Sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst to promote the replacement of hydroxyl groups with bromine atoms. The reaction process needs to control the reaction temperature and time, usually under the condition of heating and reflux for several hours. After the reaction is completed, it is separated and purified by distillation, extraction, etc., to obtain 1,10-dibromodecane.
2. ** Addition of decene to bromine **: In an appropriate solvent (such as carbon tetrachloride), decene and bromine undergo an addition reaction. The reaction is relatively rapid and can be carried out at room temperature or lower temperature. However, attention should be paid to controlling the amount of bromine to avoid excessive addition. After the reaction is completed, the solvent is removed, and then high-purity 1,10-dibromodecane is obtained by rectification and other operations.
In summary, 1,10-dibromodecane has a wide range of applications in many fields due to its unique properties, and its synthesis methods are diverse, and suitable routes can be selected for preparation according to actual needs.
